{"id":2869,"date":"2018-05-23T12:29:13","date_gmt":"2018-05-23T12:29:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/catapa.be\/?page_id=2869"},"modified":"2025-09-09T14:26:44","modified_gmt":"2025-09-09T12:26:44","slug":"romania","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/catapa.be\/en\/cases\/romania\/","title":{"rendered":"Romania"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_cta h2=”In 2000, the Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103 Gold Corporation announced its intentions to open the largest open pit gold mine in Europe” h4=”in Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103, a Transylvanian village in the Apuseni Mountains. In order to execute this project, the company wanted to blast away 4 mountains, relocate 2.064 privates properties, tear down 975 houses (out of which 41 houses are considered national heritage sites), demolish 7 churches and relocate 11 cemeteries.” style=”custom” css=”” custom_background=”#009c55″ custom_text=”#ffffff”][\/vc_cta][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” css=”.vc_custom_1535454810701{background-color: #efefef !important;}” el_id=”table-of-contents”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text css=””]<\/p>\n

Table of contents<\/h2>\n

Interesting information<\/a><\/p>\n

Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103<\/a><\/p>\n

2000 – 2013: “Save Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103” Campaign<\/a><\/p>\n

The victory of civil society<\/a><\/p>\n

International arbitration<\/a><\/p>\n

Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103 UNESCO<\/a><\/p>\n

Events of 2016<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_gmaps link=”#E-8_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” css=”” title=”Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103, Romania”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” el_id=”interesting-data” css=”.vc_custom_1535472375423{background-image: url(http:\/\/catapa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/dominik-vanyi-625911-unsplash.jpg?id=7733) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=”Interesting information” font_container=”tag:h1|font_size:50|text_align:left|color:%23ffffff” google_fonts=”font_family:Quicksand%3A300%2Cregular%2C700|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” equal_height=”yes”][vc_column width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1535471249744{background-color: #efefef !important;}”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Location:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The South Apuseni Mountains of Transylvania, Romania<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Metal extraction:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Gold and silver[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Lincense area:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Exploitation concession’s license covering approximately 2388 hectares[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Period:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

17 years[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1535471260909{background-color: #efefef !important;}”][vc_column_text css=””]<\/p>\n

Ownership:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

< 80 % Gabriel resources (Canada) through Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103 Gold company<\/span><\/p>\n

> 20% Minvest Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103 S.A ( Romania)<\/span><\/strong>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Stage : <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Halted[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Legal situation : <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Gabriel Resources v. Romania Gabriel Resources Ltd. and Gabriel Resources (Jersey) v. Romania (ICSID Case No. ARB\/15\/31)[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” css=”.vc_custom_1535482755456{background-image: url(http:\/\/catapa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/rosiamontana-02.jpg?id=7736) !important;}” el_id=”rosia-montana”][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=”Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103” font_container=”tag:h1|font_size:50|text_align:left|color:%23ffffff” google_fonts=”font_family:Quicksand%3A300%2Cregular%2C700|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal” css=””][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=””]<\/p>\n

Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103 is a Transylvanian village in the Apuseni Mountains where, in 2000, the Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103 Gold Corporation announced its intentions to open what would be the largest open pit gold mine in Europe. <\/span><\/p>\n

In order to execute this project, the company intended to blast away 4 mountains, relocate 2064 privates properties, tear down 975 houses (out of which 41 houses are considered national heritage sites), demolish 7 churches and relocate 11 cemeteries.<\/span><\/p>\n

Annually, the company expected to extract around 285 tonnes of gold and 1,361 of silver by using 12,000 tonnes of cyanide with the creation of 634 jobs over a period of 17 years. <\/span><\/p>\n

The history of Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103 is related to the history of gold mining itself – the exploitation of the mine started in the Roman era (1,881 years ago) and continued until 2006. The former mine already bears the marks of the negative impacts of mining activities with the deterioration of water and soil quality. <\/span><\/p>\n

This project has divided of the community of Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103 due to the fact that most of the inhabitants were mine workers and the closure of the local gold mine in 2006 resulted in high levels of unemployment. <\/span><\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”Back to top” align=”left” i_align=”right” i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-chevron-right” add_icon=”true” link=”url:%23table-of-contents|||”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” el_id=”save-rosia-montana” css=”.vc_custom_1535482778175{background-image: url(http:\/\/catapa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/4thProtest15Sep-02.jpg?id=7739) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=”2000- 2013: “Save Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103“ Campaign” font_container=”tag:h1|font_size:50|text_align:left|color:%23ffffff” google_fonts=”font_family:Quicksand%3A300%2Cregular%2C700|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal” css=””][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=””]<\/p>\n

In 2000, a strong local opposition to the gold mining project quickly emerged when the Canadian mining company, Gabriel Resources, announced its intentions to destroy the historic village of Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103. <\/span><\/p>\n

The “Save Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103” Campaign – the biggest environmental movement in Romania – was born, coordinated by the local association Alburnus Maior. This movement spread all over Romania and Europe. <\/span><\/p>\n

The main concerns were the excavation of the mountain tops, the degradation of nature, the loss of cultural heritage and, above all, the use of cyanide in light of the the Baia Mare accident in 2000.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"Cyanide leakage in Baia Mare<\/b><\/p>\n

The huge cyanide leakage in 2000 in Baia Mare still lives in the recent memory of its community. When the dam of a gold mine in the region of Baia Mare broke, more than 1,000 millions liters of water polluted with cyanide were released. It ended up in the rivers L\u0103pu\u0219, Some\u0219, Tisza and eventually the Danube, which later carried the water to the Black Sea. The flora and fauna around the river were completely destroyed. The disaster was described as the worst that had ever happened in Europe since Chernobyl.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”Back to top” align=”left” i_align=”right” i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-chevron-right” add_icon=”true” link=”url:%23table-of-contents|||”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” el_id=”civil-society-victory” css=”.vc_custom_1535478071953{background-image: url(http:\/\/catapa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/13-02.jpg?id=7745) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=”The victory of civil society” font_container=”tag:h1|font_size:50|text_align:left|color:%23ffffff” google_fonts=”font_family:Quicksand%3A300%2Cregular%2C700|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal” css=””][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=””]<\/p>\n

In Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103, the biggest social movement after the fall of communism in 1989 took place with the so-called ‘Romanian Autumn.’ People marched on the streets every Saturday, starting on September 1 and until February 2013. Eugen David, president of Alburnus Maior explains that:<\/span><\/p>\n

‘The movement doesn\u2019t have leaders, it is just consciousness. It is impossible for Victor Ponta (former prime minister) to talk to 25,000 people in Bucharest plus thousands nationally and internationally. Our demands are not open for discussion and are not negotiable, we will be in the streets until each and every demand has been honored.’<\/strong><\/p>\n

In December 2013, Romania\u2019s government attempted to modify the country\u2019s mining law in favor of the mining industry. Unconstitutional expropriation law arose in favor of the mining industry. The bill consisted of unconstitutional expropriation proceedings, the obligation for authorities to issue permits, exemptions from the applicability of the law on historical monuments, natural monuments and European water framework, etc.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

This bill was denounced by civil society and was rejected by the Romania\u2019s Lower House on December 10th, 2013.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gabriel Resources lost a crucial parliamentary vote of confidence. \u00a0After long debates inside the parliament and widespread demonstrations throughout the country, Romania\u2019s deputies rejected a series of amendments designed to kick-start the hugely unpopular Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103 mine development. This decision was an unprecedented victory for Romania\u2019s civil society. <\/span><\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”Back to top” align=”left” i_align=”right” i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-chevron-right” add_icon=”true” link=”url:%23table-of-contents|||”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” css=”.vc_custom_1535479133571{background-image: url(http:\/\/catapa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/4-romania-goldmine-02.jpg?id=7751) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}” el_id=”international-arbitration”][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=”International arbitration” font_container=”tag:h1|font_size:50|text_align:left|color:%23ffffff” google_fonts=”font_family:Quicksand%3A300%2Cregular%2C700|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal” el_id=”International arbitration”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=””]<\/p>\n

In July 2015, Gabriel Resources announced the submission of a Request for Arbitration at the World Bank\u2019s international Centre for a special settlement of investment disputes. They demanded compensation and a special settlement from the Romanian state. <\/span><\/p>\n

They were asking for 2% of the entire value of the Romanian economy in compensation for the lost profit. <\/span>Moreover, the mining company\u2019s legal bills were being financially backed up by a Wall Street hedge fund in return for a claim of the spoils. <\/span>Considering these costs, the Romanian government felt pressured to consider opening the mine, or Gabriel Resources stood to walk away with a vast amount of public money as compensation. <\/span><\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner css=”.vc_custom_1535482386115{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}”][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text css=””]<\/p>\n

What is tribunal arbitration?<\/strong><\/p>\n

See the explanation of the TAFTA (Transatlantic Free Trade Agreement) and tribunal arbitration (investment arbitration) in this video.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”Back to top” align=”left” i_align=”right” i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-chevron-right” add_icon=”true” link=”url:%23table-of-contents|||”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_video link=”https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=zHK1HqW-FQ0″ align=”right”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” css=”.vc_custom_1535481584866{background-image: url(http:\/\/catapa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/61965349-02.jpg?id=7754) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}” el_id=”rosia-montana-unesco”][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=”Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103 UNESCO” font_container=”tag:h1|font_size:50|text_align:left|color:%23ffffff” google_fonts=”font_family:Quicksand%3A300%2Cregular%2C700|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal” css=””][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=””]<\/p>\n

Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103 has an archeological and cultural value thanks to its pre-Roman and Roman mine and numerous monuments which date back to different time periods. According to a study made by Oxford and Leicester University, ‘the Roman mines at Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103 are the most extensive and most important underground mines known worldwide.’<\/span><\/p>\n

In 2009, the ARA association, an NGO specialising in architectural restoration and archaeology, submitted a detailed proposal for Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103 to be included on the country\u2019s tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage sites. <\/span><\/p>\n

Despite the strong support from the national and international scientific community, the request was ignored by 10 ministers of culture<\/strong>. The act of adding Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103 to the country\u2019s tentative UNESCO list can only be done with the signature of a Minister of Culture. <\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"Finally, however, on February 5, 2016, Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103 was submitted on the list of tentative UNESCO sites by a minister of culture. <\/span><\/p>\n

‘<\/strong><\/span>This is not just a huge gain for our cultural heritage, it\u2019s a great victory for civil society- for the thousands of people here and abroad demanding for Rosia Montana to be saved’<\/strong>\u00a0said Eugen David, president of the Alburnus Maior Association of local residents. <\/span><\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”Back to top” align=”left” i_align=”right” i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-chevron-right” add_icon=”true” link=”url:%23table-of-contents|||”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” css=”.vc_custom_1535489338519{background-image: url(http:\/\/catapa.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/01_romania_goldmine_h_20_93056193.adapt_.1900.1-02.jpg?id=7769) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}” el_id=”events”][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=”Events of 2016″ font_container=”tag:h1|font_size:50|text_align:left|color:%23ffffff” google_fonts=”font_family:Quicksand%3A300%2Cregular%2C700|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=””]Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103 holds one of the largest gold and silver deposits in Europe. The Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103 area has been in operation since the Roman Empire. This and later historical mining caused widespread environmental damage. The former Ro\u0219iaMin mine, for example, reveals the impacts of past mining activities. The water quality and soil are deteriorated and there are negative human health consequences. The negative impacts will continue as long as the site does not get rehabilitated.<\/p>\n

Next to environmental and health impacts, the ending of the state-owned mine as well as other mines in the area in 2006 also had severe consequences for the residents, namely unemployment and extreme poverty. The state-owned mine, for example, employed almost all the local workers. Later at the end of 2009, three years after the closure of the mines, data showed that 70 % of the people in Rosia Montana were unemployed.<\/p>\n

A new mine site in Rosia Montana was planned. It would be composed of four separated opencast pits which would allegedly meet all the EU and international standards. The site would take two years to be constructed, the metals would be digged up during sixteen years and the last seven years would be used to close and remedy the area. And for the following 30 to 50 years observation and inspection will have to continue.<\/p>\n

Gabriel Resources holds 80 % of the stakes of this project, the other 20 % is part of Minvest Rosia Montana S.A, which is a state-owned-mining company. Together they form the Rosia Montana Gold Corporation, which holds the exploitation license of Rosia Montana. Gabriel Resources already invested more than 1.5 billion dollars in the site, since they obtained the mining area in the late 1990s. The project would generate directly and indirectly 24 billion dollars for the Romanian state and would offer thousands of jobs. This project is considered the most important foreign direct investment in the country. Allegedly, it offers an opportunity to boost the growth and development of the Apuseni region, were mining has been happening for centuries.<\/p>\n

But according to Gabriel Resources, Romania has been hindering the development of the Rosia Montana project, without due processes or compensations. Consequently, the return of the company investments has been negligible. They allege that they wanted to dialogue with the Romanian government and president in 2015 about the case, but that they were given no response. That’s why they wanted to prosecute the country.<\/p>\n

Gabriel Resources asked in July 2015 compensation in an international arbitration before the World Bank’s International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). During this arbitration, the company confronted the Romanian government for delaying their mining project. They claimed that Romania had violated provisions of the “International bilateral investment protection treaties”, which the country signed with Canada and the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n

The Romanian government firstly supported the mine, but changed their opinion in 2013 after widespread protests across the country. Many Romanians opposed the project because of the environmental consequences and pollution – mostly linked to the use of cyanide- and the consequent damage that would be brought to four mountains in a historic area and to the Roman-era mining shafts. They also protested against the political corruption involved. However, the Gabriel Resources company stated that the project would help the rehabilitation of the polluted area from previous mining.<\/p>\n

At the moment it looks like the mining company will have to revise the plans for the mine. This is because Rosia Montana and the area two kilometers around it were declared part of Romania’s Historical Monuments in December 2015 by the Ministry of Culture. This monument includes the mining sites. As a consequence, the area is protected against industrial activities like mining. The town was considered a historic monument before in 1992, but lost this status due to decisions by the Ministry of Culture in 2004 and 2010. It seems like the Romanian population won the battle, but they will have to continue to be vigilant that the government doesn’t change their policy or that the company doesn’t find another way to continue their project.[\/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”Back to top” align=”left” i_align=”right” i_icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-chevron-right” add_icon=”true” link=”url:%23table-of-contents|||”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_cta h2=”In 2000, the Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103 Gold Corporation announced its intentions to open the largest open pit gold mine in Europe” h4=”in Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103, a Transylvanian village in the Apuseni Mountains. In order to execute
Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":2703,"menu_order":6,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2869","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nRomania - CATAPA vzw<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/catapa.be\/en\/cases\/romania\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Romania - CATAPA vzw\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_cta h2=”In 2000, the Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103 Gold Corporation announced its intentions to open the largest open pit gold mine in Europe” h4=”in Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103, a Transylvanian village in the Apuseni Mountains. 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